Summary about Disease
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a severe and prolonged deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the diet. It leads to collagen synthesis impairment, affecting connective tissues throughout the body. Historically, it was common among sailors and others with limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables.
Symptoms
Early symptoms include weakness, fatigue, and sore arms and legs. As it progresses, symptoms include swollen and bleeding gums, loss of teeth, skin hemorrhages (petechiae), joint pain, impaired wound healing, and anemia.
Causes
The sole cause of scurvy is insufficient dietary intake of vitamin C. The human body cannot synthesize or store vitamin C, so a regular supply is essential. Risk factors include a diet lacking fresh fruits and vegetables, certain medical conditions that impair absorption, and restrictive diets.
Medicine Used
The primary treatment for scurvy is vitamin C supplementation. This can be administered orally (ascorbic acid tablets) or intravenously (in severe cases). Dosage and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the deficiency.
Is Communicable
Scurvy is not communicable or contagious. It is a nutritional deficiency disease and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Prevention is key. Precautions involve ensuring adequate vitamin C intake through a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits, berries, and leafy greens. Supplementation may be necessary for individuals at risk.
How long does an outbreak last?
Scurvy is not an outbreak disease in the traditional sense. It develops over time due to chronic vitamin C deficiency. Symptoms can begin to improve within days of starting vitamin C supplementation, and full recovery typically occurs within a few weeks to months, depending on the severity and duration of the deficiency.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a clinical assessment of symptoms, dietary history, and physical examination. Blood tests can measure vitamin C levels, and radiographic imaging may be used to assess bone changes in severe cases.
Timeline of Symptoms
Initial (Weeks): Fatigue, weakness, malaise.
Early (1-3 Months): Leg pain, Gum inflammation and bleeding, Petechiae.
Late (3+ Months): Tooth loss, Joint pain, Poor wound healing, Anemia, Depression, possible death.
Important Considerations
Individuals with underlying medical conditions affecting nutrient absorption (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) are at higher risk. Infants fed only cow's milk without supplementation are also vulnerable. Delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications and even death. It is important to follow up with a doctor to make sure all levels are normal after treatment.