Summary about Disease
Perichondritis is an infection of the perichondrium, the layer of tissue covering the cartilage of the ear. It can also affect cartilage in other parts of the body, such as the nose, but this is less common. The infection can cause inflammation, pain, and redness. If left untreated, perichondritis can lead to cartilage damage, potentially causing permanent deformity of the ear (cauliflower ear).
Symptoms
Redness of the ear
Pain in the ear
Swelling of the ear
Tenderness to the touch
Fever (in some cases)
Pus drainage (if an abscess forms)
Causes
Ear piercings (especially upper ear piercings through cartilage)
Ear injuries (cuts, burns, blunt trauma)
Surgery to the ear
Ear infections
Acupuncture of the ear
Boils or other skin infections near the ear
Insect bites
Medicine Used
Antibiotics: Oral or intravenous antibiotics are the primary treatment, usually broad-spectrum initially to cover common bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and *Staphylococcus aureus*. Antibiotics may be adjusted based on culture results.
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications (e.g., NSAIDs or opioids) to manage pain and inflammation.
Incision and Drainage: If an abscess forms, it may need to be drained surgically.
Steroids: In some cases, corticosteroids might be used to reduce inflammation, but are generally avoided without concurrent antibiotic treatment due to potential immunosuppression.
Is Communicable
Perichondritis itself is not communicable from person to person. It is an infection resulting from bacteria entering the perichondrium. However, if the underlying cause is a contagious skin infection, such as impetigo, that skin infection *is* communicable.
Precautions
Ensure any ear piercings are performed by a reputable professional using sterile techniques.
Clean new piercings regularly with antiseptic solution.
Avoid trauma to the ear.
Promptly treat any ear infections or skin infections near the ear.
Avoid picking at or scratching the ear.
If you have a cut or wound on your ear, keep it clean and covered.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of a perichondritis outbreak varies depending on the severity of the infection and how quickly treatment is initiated. With prompt antibiotic treatment, symptoms may start to improve within a few days. However, a full recovery can take several weeks. If left untreated, the infection can persist for a longer duration, leading to chronic inflammation and cartilage damage.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: A doctor will examine the ear for redness, swelling, tenderness, and any signs of pus.
Medical history: The doctor will ask about any recent ear piercings, injuries, surgeries, or infections.
Culture: If there is pus drainage, a sample may be taken and sent to a lab to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection.
Imaging (Rare): In some cases, imaging studies like CT scans or MRIs may be needed to assess the extent of the infection and rule out other conditions.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline can vary, but a typical progression might look like this:
Initial Stage (Days 1-3): Mild redness and pain appear around the affected area. There might be slight swelling.
Progression (Days 3-7): Redness and pain increase. Swelling becomes more pronounced. Tenderness to the touch develops. Fever may start.
Advanced Stage (After Day 7): Pus may begin to drain. If untreated, cartilage damage can occur, potentially leading to deformity. Symptoms can worsen significantly.
Important Considerations
Early Treatment: Seek medical attention immediately if you suspect perichondritis. Early treatment with antibiotics is crucial to prevent cartilage damage.
Compliance with Treatment: It is essential to complete the full course of antibiotics prescribed by your doctor, even if you start feeling better.
Drainage: If an abscess forms, proper drainage is necessary to remove the infected fluid and promote healing. This should only be performed by a medical professional.
Cartilage Damage: Be aware that even with treatment, some degree of cartilage damage and deformity (cauliflower ear) is possible, especially if the infection is severe or treatment is delayed.
Underlying Conditions: If you have underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or a compromised immune system, you may be at higher risk for perichondritis and complications.