Summary about Disease
Juvenile cellulitis, also known as puppy strangles, is a nodular and pustular skin disease that primarily affects puppies, typically between 3 weeks and 6 months of age. It is an uncommon, idiopathic inflammatory disorder that affects the skin and sometimes other organs. It is not contagious.
Symptoms
Swelling of the face, especially around the muzzle, eyelids, and lips.
Pustules (pus-filled bumps) and papules (raised bumps) on the face, ears, and sometimes the body.
Crusting and ulceration of the skin lesions.
Pain and discomfort.
Lethargy.
Loss of appetite.
Swollen lymph nodes (especially under the jaw).
Fever (in some cases).
Joint pain/swelling (less common).
Causes
The exact cause of juvenile cellulitis is unknown. It is thought to be an immune-mediated disease, meaning the puppy's immune system attacks its own skin. A genetic predisposition is suspected in some breeds.
Medicine Used
Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications, most commonly:
Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone): These reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
Antibiotics: Used to treat secondary bacterial infections that may develop in the skin lesions.
In some cases, other immunosuppressants like azathioprine or cyclosporine may be considered if corticosteroids are not effective or cause unacceptable side effects.
Is Communicable
No, juvenile cellulitis is not communicable. It is not contagious to other animals or humans.
Precautions
Follow your veterinarian's instructions carefully regarding medication dosage and administration.
Monitor the puppy for any side effects of the medications.
Keep the skin lesions clean and dry. Your veterinarian may recommend special shampoos or cleansing solutions.
Provide a soft, comfortable bedding to minimize irritation to the skin.
Regular vet checkups are crucial to monitor the puppy's response to treatment and adjust medications as needed.
How long does an outbreak last?
With appropriate treatment, most puppies recover within a few weeks to a few months. The duration can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the puppy's response to medication. Relapses are possible but less common with proper management.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically based on:
Clinical signs: The characteristic appearance of the skin lesions and the puppy's age.
Skin cytology: Microscopic examination of samples taken from the lesions to identify inflammatory cells and rule out other causes.
Skin biopsy: A small sample of skin is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other skin diseases.
Ruling out other possible causes, such as fungal infections or parasitic infestations.
Timeline of Symptoms
Initial Stage (Days 1-3): Mild swelling of the face, especially around the muzzle and eyelids. Small papules may start to appear.
Progression (Days 3-7): Pustules develop, often rupturing and forming crusts. Swelling becomes more pronounced. Lymph nodes under the jaw become enlarged.
Advanced Stage (Days 7-14): Ulceration of the skin lesions. Puppy may become lethargic, lose appetite, and develop a fever. Joint pain may become evident.
With Treatment (Variable): Symptoms gradually improve with medication. Inflammation decreases, lesions heal, and appetite returns. The recovery timeline varies depending on the severity and individual response.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent severe complications.
Corticosteroids can have side effects, such as increased thirst, urination, and appetite. Long-term use can lead to other health problems, so close monitoring by your veterinarian is crucial.
Do not attempt to treat juvenile cellulitis at home without veterinary guidance.
Discuss the prognosis and potential long-term effects of the disease and treatment with your veterinarian.
Ensure that your veterinarian rules out other potential causes of the puppy's symptoms.