Summary about Disease
Intention tremor is a type of tremor that occurs during purposeful, voluntary movement. It is characterized by rhythmic shaking that worsens as the person gets closer to their target. This differs from resting tremors, which occur when the limb is at rest. Intention tremors are often associated with damage or dysfunction in parts of the brain that control movement, particularly the cerebellum.
Symptoms
Rhythmic shaking that occurs during voluntary movement
Tremor amplitude increases as the target is approached (terminal tremor)
Difficulty with tasks requiring precise movements, such as writing, eating, or reaching for objects
Possible unsteadiness or impaired coordination (ataxia)
Tremor may affect the arms, legs, head, or trunk.
voice might tremor
Causes
Intention tremors are most commonly caused by damage or dysfunction in the cerebellum or its connections. Specific causes may include:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Demyelination can affect cerebellar pathways.
Stroke: Damage to the cerebellum or brainstem.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Can cause widespread brain damage.
Cerebellar Tumors: Can directly affect cerebellar function.
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Such as spinocerebellar ataxias.
Wilson's disease: Copper accumulation can damage the brain.
Certain Medications: Some drugs can induce tremors as a side effect.
Alcohol abuse: Chronic alcoholism can damage the cerebellum.
Toxins: Exposure to certain toxins can affect the nervous system.
Medicine Used
There is no single cure for intention tremor, and treatment focuses on managing the symptoms. Medications may include:
Isoniazid: Can be helpful in some cases.
Propranolol: A beta-blocker that may reduce tremor amplitude in some individuals.
Primidone: An anticonvulsant that may be effective.
Topiramate: Another anticonvulsant that can be tried.
Botulinum Toxin (Botox) Injections: Can be used to weaken muscles and reduce tremor in specific areas. Other Treatments: Occupational therapy Physical therapy *Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Is Communicable
Intention tremor is not a communicable disease. It is not caused by an infectious agent and cannot be transmitted from person to person.
Precautions
Precautions depend on the severity of the tremor and its impact on daily life. Some general precautions include:
Assistive Devices: Using weighted utensils, cups with lids, or other adaptive equipment to help with eating and drinking.
Home Modifications: Modifying the home environment to reduce the risk of falls, such as installing grab bars in bathrooms.
Occupational Therapy: Working with an occupational therapist to learn strategies for performing daily tasks more easily.
Fall Prevention: Taking steps to prevent falls, such as wearing supportive shoes and avoiding slippery surfaces.
Medication Management: Carefully managing medications to minimize side effects.
How long does an outbreak last?
Intention tremor is not an "outbreak" type of condition. It is a chronic symptom related to underlying neurological conditions or damage. The duration of the tremor depends on the underlying cause and its progression. It can be persistent and lifelong, or it may fluctuate in severity over time.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of intention tremor typically involves:
Neurological Examination: Assessment of motor skills, coordination, reflexes, and sensory function.
Detailed Medical History: Including a review of medications, family history, and potential exposures to toxins.
Tremor Assessment: Observation of the tremor during various activities, such as reaching for objects or writing.
Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans of the brain to look for structural abnormalities or damage.
Electrophysiological Studies: EMG (electromyography) to rule out other types of tremors.
Blood Tests: To rule out other medical conditions such as thyroid disorders or Wilson's disease.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary greatly depending on the underlying cause:
Sudden Onset: In cases of stroke or traumatic brain injury, the tremor may appear suddenly.
Gradual Onset: In cases of neurodegenerative diseases or multiple sclerosis, the tremor may develop gradually over time.
Progressive Worsening: The tremor typically worsens as the underlying condition progresses.
Fluctuations: In some conditions like MS, the tremor may fluctuate in severity with relapses and remissions.
Important Considerations
Underlying Cause: Identifying and addressing the underlying cause of the tremor is crucial for effective management.
Impact on Daily Life: The severity of the tremor can significantly impact a person's ability to perform daily activities.
Multidisciplinary Approach: Management of intention tremor often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and other healthcare professionals.
Emotional Support: Living with a tremor can be emotionally challenging, and support from family, friends, or support groups can be helpful.
Ongoing Monitoring: Regular monitoring by a neurologist is important to assess the progression of the tremor and adjust treatment as needed.