Summary about Disease
Fungal mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue caused by a fungus, most commonly Candida albicans. It often occurs in breastfeeding mothers, though it can affect non-breastfeeding individuals as well. It is characterized by intense nipple and breast pain, often described as burning or stabbing. The infection can be challenging to treat and may require a combination of topical and oral antifungal medications.
Symptoms
Intense nipple pain, often described as burning, stabbing, or shooting.
Pain that may radiate into the breast and back.
Nipple sensitivity or itchiness.
Flaky or shiny nipples.
Deep breast pain.
Sometimes, no visible signs on the nipple or breast.
Pain that persists after breastfeeding or pumping.
Possible thrush in the infant's mouth.
Causes
Candida albicans* is the most common causative organism.
Antibiotic use by the mother or infant, which can disrupt the natural balance of flora.
Nipple damage (cracks, fissures) that provides a portal of entry for the fungus.
Compromised immune system.
Diabetes.
Use of steroid creams on the nipples.
Medicine Used
4. Medicine used
Topical Antifungals: Nystatin cream, Miconazole cream, Clotrimazole cream applied directly to the nipples and areola.
Oral Antifungals: Fluconazole is commonly prescribed for more severe or persistent cases.
Is Communicable
Fungal mastitis itself isn't directly "communicable" in the same way as a viral infection. However, the Candida fungus can be passed between mother and infant during breastfeeding (leading to oral thrush in the infant and nipple thrush/mastitis in the mother). Treatment of both mother and baby is usually recommended to prevent re-infection.
Precautions
Wash hands frequently, especially before and after breastfeeding or pumping.
Ensure good nipple hygiene.
Treat any nipple damage promptly.
Change breast pads frequently.
Wash bras and clothing that come into contact with the breasts in hot water.
Treat thrush in the infant simultaneously.
Consider probiotics to restore healthy flora.
Limit sugar intake, as Candida thrives on sugar.
Air dry nipples after feeding.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of a fungal mastitis outbreak varies depending on the severity of the infection and the effectiveness of treatment. With appropriate treatment, symptoms may start to improve within a few days. However, it can take several weeks to completely resolve, especially if the infection is deep or resistant to treatment. It is essential to complete the full course of medication as prescribed.
How is it diagnosed?
Clinical examination of the nipples and breasts.
Assessment of symptoms.
Culture of breast milk or nipple swab (less common, but helpful in resistant cases).
Ruling out other causes of breast pain, such as bacterial mastitis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline can vary, but generally:
Initial Onset: Sudden onset of intense nipple pain, often described as burning, stabbing, or shooting.
Progression: Pain may worsen over a few days and radiate into the breast. Nipple sensitivity or itchiness may develop.
Persistence: Without treatment, the pain will persist and may become debilitating.
Important Considerations
Accurate diagnosis is crucial to differentiate fungal mastitis from bacterial mastitis or other causes of breast pain.
Both mother and baby should be treated simultaneously to prevent re-infection.
Complete the full course of prescribed medication, even if symptoms improve.
Consult a healthcare professional or lactation consultant for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Resistant cases may require longer treatment courses or alternative medications.
Consider underlying factors that may contribute to fungal overgrowth, such as antibiotic use or compromised immunity.