Summary about Disease
Functional constipation is a common condition characterized by infrequent or difficult bowel movements that are not caused by an underlying medical condition, medication, or anatomical abnormality. People with functional constipation experience symptoms like straining, hard stools, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, or the need for manual maneuvers to assist bowel movements. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other potential causes of constipation have been ruled out.
Symptoms
Infrequent bowel movements (typically fewer than three per week)
Straining during bowel movements
Hard or lumpy stools
A feeling of incomplete evacuation
A feeling of blockage in the rectum or anus
Need for manual maneuvers to assist bowel movements (e.g., using fingers to remove stool)
Abdominal bloating or discomfort
Causes
The exact causes of functional constipation are not fully understood, but several factors can contribute:
Dietary factors: Low fiber intake, inadequate fluid intake
Lifestyle factors: Lack of physical activity, ignoring the urge to defecate
Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, depression
Irregular bowel habits: Frequent suppression of the urge to go
Dyssynergic defecation: Problems with the coordination of pelvic floor muscles during defecation.
Visceral hypersensitivity: Increased sensitivity to normal bowel sensations.
Slow colonic transit: Slower than normal movement of stool through the colon.
Medicine Used
4. Medicine used Treatment for functional constipation typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications:
Fiber supplements: Psyllium, methylcellulose, wheat dextrin, and calcium polycarbophil to increase stool bulk.
Stool softeners: Docusate sodium to help moisten stool.
Osmotic laxatives: Polyethylene glycol (PEG), lactulose, milk of magnesia to draw water into the colon.
Stimulant laxatives: Bisacodyl, senna to stimulate bowel contractions (use with caution and not for long-term use).
Prescription medications:
Lubiprostone: Increases fluid secretion in the intestines.
Linaclotide and Plecanatide: Increase fluid secretion in the intestines and accelerate transit.
Prucalopride: A selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist that stimulates colonic motility.
Is Communicable
No, functional constipation is not communicable. It is not caused by an infection or contagious agent.
Precautions
Increase fiber intake: Gradually increase the amount of fiber in your diet through fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber supplements.
Drink plenty of fluids: Aim for at least 8 glasses of water per day.
Engage in regular physical activity: Exercise can help stimulate bowel movements.
Establish a regular bowel routine: Try to have a bowel movement at the same time each day, preferably after a meal.
Don't ignore the urge to defecate: Respond to the urge as soon as possible.
Manage stress: Practice relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing.
Proper Toilet Posture: Use a footstool to elevate your feet while on the toilet may help.
How long does an outbreak last?
Functional constipation is not an "outbreak" like an infectious disease. It is a chronic condition that can persist for weeks, months, or even years. The duration of symptoms varies depending on individual factors and the effectiveness of treatment. It may come and go, with periods of worse symptoms.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of functional constipation typically involves:
Medical history and physical exam: To rule out other potential causes of constipation.
Rome IV criteria: These standardized criteria help define functional constipation based on symptom frequency and severity.
Diagnostic tests:
Blood tests: To rule out underlying medical conditions like thyroid problems or electrolyte imbalances.
Stool tests: To rule out infections or other gastrointestinal disorders.
Colonoscopy: To examine the colon for abnormalities (typically only performed if there are alarm symptoms or risk factors for colon cancer).
Anorectal manometry: To assess the function of the anal sphincter and rectal muscles during defecation.
Colonic transit study: To measure the speed at which stool moves through the colon.
Defecography: to visualize the rectum during defecation.
Timeline of Symptoms
9. Timeline of symptoms The onset of symptoms can be gradual or sudden. Symptoms typically include infrequent bowel movements, straining, hard stools, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation. The timeline of symptoms can vary widely from person to person.
Important Considerations
Alarm symptoms: Seek medical attention if you experience any of the following alarm symptoms: rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, anemia, or a family history of colon cancer.
Underlying medical conditions: Rule out other potential causes of constipation, such as hypothyroidism, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or structural abnormalities.
Medications: Review your medications with your doctor, as some medications can cause constipation.
Biofeedback therapy: Is a treatment option to improve coordination of the pelvic floor muscles during defecation
Long-term management: Functional constipation is often a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and lifestyle modifications. Work closely with your doctor to develop a personalized treatment plan.
Psychological support: Consider seeking psychological support if stress, anxiety, or depression are contributing to your constipation.