Summary about Disease
Fat necrosis is a benign (non-cancerous) condition that occurs when fat tissue is damaged. This damage can lead to inflammation and the formation of a lump or mass. It most commonly occurs in the breast but can occur in other areas of the body that contain fat tissue. The dead or damaged fat cells release their contents, triggering an inflammatory response. Over time, this inflammatory response can lead to the formation of scar tissue and oil cysts.
Symptoms
A firm, painless lump or mass
Skin dimpling or puckering
Skin redness
Nipple retraction (in breast fat necrosis)
Breast pain (less common)
Hardening of the tissue in the affected area
Causes
Trauma to the area (e.g., a blow to the breast)
Surgery (e.g., breast reduction, lumpectomy, mastectomy)
Radiation therapy
Biopsy
Large breast size (potentially due to increased risk of trauma)
Sometimes, no identifiable cause
Medicine Used
There is no specific medicine to "cure" fat necrosis. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and addressing any underlying inflammation.
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be used to manage pain or discomfort.
Incision and drainage: In some cases, if an oil cyst forms and is causing significant discomfort, a doctor may drain it.
Corticosteroid injections: These may be used in some cases to reduce inflammation, but are not a standard treatment.
Vitamin E Oil: Some reports suggest Vitamin E Oil topically may reduce discomfort.
Is Communicable
No, fat necrosis is not communicable. It cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Protect the area from further trauma.
Follow your doctor's instructions for wound care after surgery or biopsy.
If you have large breasts, consider wearing a supportive bra.
Self-breast exams are still important for breast health, but be aware that fat necrosis can feel like a lump. Report any new or changing lumps to your doctor.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of fat necrosis can vary significantly. It can resolve on its own within a few weeks or months. In some cases, it may persist for a longer period. The lump may change over time, becoming smaller or softer. Oil cysts may fluctuate in size. In some cases, the condition resolves completely, while in others, some scarring or changes in the tissue may remain.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical exam: A doctor will examine the area and feel for lumps or other abnormalities.
Imaging tests:
Mammogram: X-ray of the breast.
Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of the breast tissue.
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging can provide detailed images of the breast.
Biopsy: A sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions, such as cancer.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline can vary:
Initial injury/event: A trauma, surgery, or other event may occur.
Inflammation: Within days or weeks, inflammation develops, potentially causing redness, pain, and swelling.
Lump formation: A firm lump or mass may appear within weeks or months.
Changes over time: The lump may change in size or consistency. An oil cyst may form.
Resolution: The condition may resolve on its own over weeks or months, or may persist longer.
Important Considerations
Fat necrosis can mimic breast cancer, so it's essential to get a proper diagnosis.
While fat necrosis is benign, it can be distressing to discover a lump.
If you have a history of breast surgery or radiation, you are at higher risk.
Regular breast self-exams and mammograms are still important for overall breast health.
Discuss any concerns you have with your doctor.